| Description |
| – | the CVVT Oil Control Valve (OCV) which supplies the engine oil to the cam phaser or runs out the engine oil from the cam phaser in accordance with the ECM PWM (Pulse With Modulation) control signal, |
| – | and the Cam Phaser which varies the cam phase by using the hydraulic force of the engine oil. |

| Operation Principle |


| (1) Low Speed / Low Load | (2) Partial Load |
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| (3) Low Speed / High Load | (4) High Speed / High Load |
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Driving Condition
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Exhaust Valve
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Intake Valve
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Valve Timing
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Effect
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Valve Timing
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Effect
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| (1) Low Speed /Low Load | Completely Advance | * Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability | Completely Retard | * Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
| (2) Part Load | Retard | * Increase of expansion work * Reduction of pumping loss * Reduction of HC | Retard | * Reduction of pumping loss |
| (3) Low Speed /High Load | Retard | * Increase of expansion work | Advance | * Prevention of intake back flow (Improvement of volumetric efficiency) |
| (4) High Speed /High Load | Advance | * Reduction of pumping loss | Retard | * Improvement of volumetric efficiency |
Description and operation DescriptionThe catalytic converter of the gasoline engine is a three way catalyst. It oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC), and separates oxygen from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
DescriptionThe immobilizer system will disable the vehicle unless the proper ignition key is used, in addition to the currently available anti-theft systems such as car alarms, the immobilizer system aims to drastically reduce the rate of auto theft.1.
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