| Description |
| – | the CVVT Oil Control Valve (OCV) which supplies the engine oil to the cam phaser or runs out the engine oil from the cam phaser in accordance with the ECM PWM (Pulse With Modulation) control signal, |
| – | and the Cam Phaser which varies the cam phase by using the hydraulic force of the engine oil. |

| Operation Principle |


| (1) Low Speed / Low Load | (2) Partial Load |
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| (3) Low Speed / High Load | (4) High Speed / High Load |
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Driving Condition
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Exhaust Valve
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Intake Valve
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Valve Timing
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Effect
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Valve Timing
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Effect
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| (1) Low Speed /Low Load | Completely Advance | * Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability | Completely Retard | * Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
| (2) Part Load | Retard | * Increase of expansion work * Reduction of pumping loss * Reduction of HC | Retard | * Reduction of pumping loss |
| (3) Low Speed /High Load | Retard | * Increase of expansion work | Advance | * Prevention of intake back flow (Improvement of volumetric efficiency) |
| (4) High Speed /High Load | Advance | * Reduction of pumping loss | Retard | * Improvement of volumetric efficiency |
Description and operation DescriptionThe catalytic converter of the gasoline engine is a three way catalyst. It oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC), and separates oxygen from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Repair procedures Replacement1.Remove the condenser.2.Remove the cap (A) on the bottom of the condenser with a L wrench. Tightening torque : 9.81 - 14.71 N.m (1.0 - 1.5 kgf.m, 7.2 - 10.8 lb-ft) 3.Remove the receiver-drier (A) from condenser using a long nose plier.
Repair procedures Replacement1.Disconnect the negative (-) battery terminal. 2.Remove the heater and blower assembly.(Refer to Heater - "Heater Unit") 3.Remove the heater core cover (A) after loosening the mounting screws.4.Pull out the heater core (A) from the heater unit.